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Natural Fire Regimes in Ontario
1 - Executive Summary
1 - Résumé
1 - Acknowledgements
2 - Introduction
3 - Background and Rationale
3 - Fire Management Strategy
3 - Fire Policy for Park and Conservation Reserves
3 - Fire Management Planning Guidelines for Protected Areas
4 - Fire and Fire Regimes
4 - The Ecological Role of Fire
4 - Principles of Fire Occurrence and Behaviour
4 - Fire Ecology and Effects
43 - Plant Mortality
43 - Plant responses to fire
43 - Community and landscape level responses to fire
4 - Anthropogenic factors that influenced changes in fire regimes
44 - Aboriginal burning
44 - European settlement, land conversion, and resource extraction
44 - Fire exclusion policy
5 - Modern Fire Regimes
5 - Approaches to Reconstructing Natural Fire Regimes
5 - Scale of Analysis
5 - Landscape Approach to Fire Regime Analysis
5 - Ecological Regions of Ontario
5 - Identification of Homogenous Fire Groups
5 - Fire Regime Categories
5 - Natural Fire Frequency and Cycle
6 - Boreal West Forest Region
6 - Jack Pine
6 - Upland Black Spruce - Jack Pine
6 - Fir-Spruce Mixed Wood
6 - Aspen-Birch, Aspen-Birch-Fir
7 - Red Pine-White Pine-Jack Pine
7 - Red Pine - White Pine
7 - Lowland Black Spruce
7 - Cedar and Hardwood Lowlands
7 - Boreal East Forest Region
7 - Jack Pine
7 - Black Spruce
7 - Upland Black Spruce - Jack Pine
7 - Spruce-Fir Mixed Wood
8 - Aspen-Birch, Aspen-Birch-Conifer
8 - Lowland Black Spruce
8 - Tolerant Hardwoods and Hardwood Mixedwoods
8 - Jack Pine - White Pine - Red Pine
8 - White Pine - Red Pine, White Pine-Conifer
8 - Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Forest Region
8 - Jack Pine
8 - Black Spruce
8 - White Pine - Red Pine
8 - Jack Pine - White Pine - Red Pine
9 - Aspen-Birch, Aspen-Birch-Conifer
9 - Oak-Hardwood, Oak-Pine
9 - Tolerant Hardwoods and Mixed-Hardwoods
9 - Conifer and Hardwood Lowlands
9 - Deciduous Forest Region
9 - Tallgrass Prairie
9 - Poplar-White Birch, White Birch-Poplar-Conifer
9 - Oak Deciduous, White Pine-Maple-Oak Mixedwoods
9 - Pitch Pine - Oak Mixedwoods
9 - Tolerant Hardwoods and Mixed-Hardwoods
9 - Conifer, Deciduous, and Mixed Lowlands
9 - Tallgrass Savanna
9 - Tallgrass Woodland
9 - Oak-Maple-Hickory
10 - Alvar
10 - Rock Barren
10 - Sand Barren
10 - White Pine - Red Pine
10 - Jack Pine
10 - Summary and Research Needs
10 - Reference Conditions
10 - Public Involvement
10 - Time Since Last Fire
10 - Effects of Fire on Ecosystem Processes and Biodiversity
10 - Species at Risk
11 - Exotic Plants
11 - Interactions Among Disturbance Agents
11 - Climate Change
11 - Adaptive Management
11 - Management Alternatives
11 - References
12 - Appendix 1 - Fire management zones
13 - Appendix 2 - Summary of biotic and abiotic factors affecting fire behaviour *
14 - Appendix 3 - Plant Species list
15 - Appendix 4 - Fire return interval for natural (historic) fire regimes in Ontario and the Great Lakes Region
16 - Appendix 5 - Fire cycle for natural (historic) fire regimes in Ontario and the Great Lakes region
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